本书是清代小说家吴敬梓所作的长篇讽刺小说,以写实主义风格描绘各类人士对于"功名富贵"的不同表现,一方面真实地揭示人性被腐蚀的过程和原因,从而对当时吏治的腐败、科举的弊端、礼教的虚伪等进行了深刻的批判和嘲讽;一方面热情地歌颂了少数人物以坚持自我的方式守护人性,从而寄寓了作者的理想。白话的运用已趋纯熟自如,人物性格的刻画也颇为深入细腻,尤其是采用高超的讽刺手法,使该书成为中国古典讽刺文学的佳作。该书代表着中国古代讽刺小说的高峰,它开创了以小说直接评价现实生活的范例。
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