本书共分为14章,被马斯洛视为《动机与人格》的续篇。主要内容有人本主义科学介绍、认识人性、认知需求、成长科学、预测人、经验知识与旁观者知识、抽象与理论、经验与抽象、本真主义与抽象主义、控制科学、人际关系、价值观、知识的阶段、科学的奇观等。马斯洛指出,科学本身就是一种价值体系,人类情感需要、认知需要、表达需要以及审美需要,则赋予了科学起因和目标。本书对科学进行了历史与心理向度的探索与还原,并且以他的需要层次论、自我实现论、高峰体验论等为理论资源,对经验知识与旁观者知识、动机、需求等在科学研究上的作用做了心理学的说明。马斯洛试图将科学与价值结合起来进行科学研究,在国外,科学心理学已经成为继科学社会学、科学人类学之后的研究新取向,我国的心理学也受到了定启示。
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