本书通过尽量充分地观察语言事实,证明普通话的时体词"了1""了2"共时上存在梯度异质性。具体而言,这两个"了"句法性质上皆存在"动相补语→助词"的连续统,它们均有多个时体功能,这可称为"汉语'了'的梯度异质假设"。该假设的直接证据来自普通话"了1""了2"的分布态势和语义效果,间接证据是北方方言里"了"类词的语音变体现象。另外,全书的分析支持了雅洪托夫(1958)以来提出的"了1""了2"是时体混合标记的观点,认为两个"了"除却标示结果达成、完整体等情状体貌义,它们的大多数功能还兼有相对非将来时的意义。
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